Panamanian White-faced Capuchin

Remember Ross’s furry friend from the popular TV show F.R.I.E.N.D.S? Yes, we’re talking about the same Marcel who later became a movie star. Why are we talking about him? Because today we’re going to discuss him and his kind – the Panamanian white-faced capuchin. 

Also known as the Panamanian white-chested capuchin, this entire primate species is considered to be the smartest among New World monkeys. Despite the smarts, they face extreme danger today. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)  has declared these capuchins a vulnerable species. 

Conservation efforts exist. But can existing efforts suffice without community-driven efforts in conservation and greater awareness? That’s a question with no definite answer.

What Ails the Panamanian White-faced Capuchin Population? 

Turns out, the usual suspects. 

Panamanian white-faced capuchins indeed are one of the most adaptable of all the New World monkeys. They thrive in many different habitats. From the forest lands of Mesoamerica to agricultural pastures, their haunts are many. Closed-canopied tropical and dry deciduous forests are their favorites. 

But their adaptability doesn’t guarantee a threatless existence. Habitat loss must bear the biggest blame for a sharp (and alarming) decline in their population.

Besides, their adorable appearance also makes them susceptible to the illegal pet trade. Of course, it’s not lawful to have exotic animals as domestic pets. Yet these particularly good-looking monkeys are often captured illegally to meet the demand for exotic pets. 

Sometimes these white-chested capuchins are even hunted for meat. Or, shot down for causing a menace in crop fields. The monkey menace that affects densely populated urban areas is not so much their fault as it is ours for causing habitat loss.

These factors work in tandem to affect their population, which is currently unknown. Reports dating back to 2007 capped their numbers at only 54,000. That figure alone is alarming, given that it’s been nearly two decades since then, and they’re still a vulnerable species. 

Why Saving Panamanian White-faced Capuchins Matters

There’s one reason too many, besides the live and let live philosophy. 

You see, Panamanian white-faced capuchins are an integral cog in maintaining the ecological balance of Mesoamerican ecosystems. 

Why? 

They may be omnivorous by nature, but these New World monkeys primarily feed on a variety of fruits and seeds. So, their eating habits are closely tied to pollination and seed dispersal. 

That’s essential for reforestation.  

Besides, they are also known as “gardeners of the forest” for a reason. Their antics often lead to the pruning of the Membrillo or heaven lotus trees. These trees that are native to the Mesoamerican region tend to grow more abundantly when our intelligent monkeys end up “pruning” them. 

There’s more. 

This particular species of primates is also a food source for larger predators. Snakes like tree boas and lanceheads, ocelots, jaguars, and harpy eagles — so many animals that live in Mesoamerica hunt white-faced capuchins for their meals. So, these monkeys are a crucial link in the food chain, too. 

Their ecological impact aside, white-chested capuchins can contribute to social economies.  

Sounds surprising? 

Well, their intelligent nature and goofy yet adorable antics make them an ecological attraction. National parks and forests in the region that are home to these monkeys receive footfall from eco-tourists who want to catch a glimpse of these intriguing creatures. So, in an indirect way, they are good for attracting tourists and generating income. 

Then there’s the matter of scientific knowledge. 

Studying this species of New World monkeys has given zoologists and biologists incredible insights into social behavior in primates.

Here’s a fun fact about Panamanian white-faced capuchins that we bet you couldn’t have guessed. 

It’s wild to know that in Panama’s Coiba National Park, these monkeys routinely use small hammers to crack open hermit crab shells. Coconuts and snail shells are on that list, too. 

Talk about interesting animal facts, and here you got one that’s going to blow your mind! Oh, this also happens to be the first recorded instance of these monkeys using tools to open their food. 

As you can tell, these New World monkeys are a hoot and a half. Protecting them is more than a responsibility; it’s a necessity in preserving the biodiversity of the Mesoamerican region.

How to Save the Dwindling Population of Panamanian White-faced Capuchins

Formal conservation efforts alone are not enough to protect vulnerable species. Collective, community-driven efforts are an equally integral part of conservation. 

In that context, much can be done to save these primates from an unfortunate fate. 

Here are a few recommendations: 

1. Spreading Awareness in Local Communities

Awareness is more relevant than you can imagine. 

Why’s that? 

Most killings that take place when these monkeys invade croplands or urban clusters are driven by ignorance. Others who may purchase these capuchins as pets may be equally unaware of their vulnerable status. 

Knowledge can be empowering. 

Wildlife activists, forest rangers, and community leaders should consider spreading awareness. Hosting workshops that inform and teach local residents about the importance of local biodiversity is a crucial stepping stone to spreading awareness. Community-driven programs, including workshops in schools, can go a long way in achieving this. 

2. Preparing for Peaceful Co-existence 

At the same time, efforts must be taken to ensure that the menace of Panamanian capuchins invading residential areas is controlled as humanely as possible. Again, community-driven, non-lethal methods of luring these monkey herds away should be considered. 

Besides, communities must take extra care to prevent habitat loss. This could be via reforestation. Or, consciously limiting the expansion of urban boundaries. 

In the end, peaceful co-existence via concerted efforts between the local community and authorities is the best way forward. 

3. Involving Locals in Conservation Efforts 

Involving locals in finding, tracking, and conserving the regional population of these primates can be beneficial, too. Human involvement builds a sense of responsibility within the local population. It creates a sense of empathy, a feeling that goes a long way in safeguarding biodiversity. 

Of course, these suggestions are harder to implement in reality. But it’s not impossible to create conservation efforts with the larger community at the center. Such efforts have greater potential than fragmented conservation activities. 

The Paso Pacifico Mission

At Paso Pacifico, our only mission is to protect and conserve the vulnerable ecosystems of Mesoamerica’s Pacific Slope. Much like our suggestion, our approach is rooted in collaborative, community-centric efforts. We work in protecting and preserving biodiversity in areas already inhabited by people. 

We want to involve the local communities, including landowners, in conservation efforts. The goal is to protect the biodiversity corridors in the Pacific Slope. 

It’s not an easy goal to achieve by any means, but we’re adamant about pursuing the road. 

With your help, we can continue to tackle the challenges that confront the ecological balance of the region. Every donation, every single penny, counts. 

To us, it’s about empowering communities with economic possibilities to drive a holistic change. 

Become a part of our mission today. Donate here. 

Each year, the Pacific coast of Mesoamerica becomes part of one of the world’s greatest natural journeys. 

This is when at least a billion birds migrate south to escape harsh weather conditions. 

This incredible movement also reminds us how important the region is for both species that already live there and those that come here during migration.

In this blog, we understand what migratory birds are and why they move such long distances. 

We also delve into why it is crucial to protect their migration routes.

What are Migratory Birds?

Migratory birds are those that move every year between their breeding and wintering grounds. 

These travel these great distances to find food, raise their young, and survive harsh seasons. 

Some make short trips, within one country. Others may cross continents. They follow routes that their species has used for hundreds of generations.

Migration is one of nature’s most remarkable patterns. It connects ecosystems across varied regions. It is also a reminder of how deeply linked these regions are. 

In fact, the Pacific coast of Mesoamerica is part of the Pacific Americas Flyway. This is a key resting and feeding zone for migratory birds.

The Importance of the Pacific Americas Flyway 

The Pacific Americas Flyway stretches from Alaska to the southern tip of South America. 

It is an invisible aerial corridor that millions of birds use every year.  

These birds are guided by geography, weather, and instinct.

As mentioned, the Pacific coast of Mesoamerica plays a crucial role in the survival of migratory birds.

Here’s how: 

Reliable food source 

The area provides food in the form of insects, crustaceans, seeds, and small fish. All of these can be found in the mangroves, wetlands, and coastal waters of the region.

This is important nourishment the birds need after long flights.

Safe resting sites

The region’s lagoons, estuaries, and forested areas offer protection from predators and human disturbance.

Favorable climate

Mild coastal temperatures and consistent food availability make it an ideal stopover and wintering ground for many species.

Habitat diversity

The region has mountain slopes, different forests, and mangrove-lined shores.  

This variety of ecosystems supports different bird species with specific needs.

Strategic location

The Mesoamerican Pacific coast lies between North and South America. It acts as a natural bridge from one region to another

Different Types of Migratory Birds

Some migratory birds travel through forests and farmlands, while others follow coastlines or open water. 

Let us look at the ones that you may spot. 

Landbirds 

Warblers, orioles, flycatchers, and thrushes leave their northern breeding grounds in the fall and arrive in Mesoamerica for the winter. 

Here, the dry tropical forests and agricultural landscapes offer food and shelter until they have to return north. 

Many of these birds travel remarkable distances. 

The Wilson’s Warbler, for example, may breed in Canada or the northwestern United States and spend the winter in southern Mexico, Guatemala, or Nicaragua. 

You may also see colorful visitors like the Western Tanager and the Yellow-green Vireo.

Coastal and wetland birds 

Every year, shorebirds such as sandpipers, plovers, and dowitchers follow the Pacific coastline during their long seasonal journeys. 

The region’s mudflats, lagoons, and estuaries provide essential places for them to rest and recover before continuing on.

Wading birds like herons, egrets, and ibises also depend on these same coastal habitats. 

They share the shoreline with pelicans, gulls, and terns.

Other notable sightings 

During the recent Paso Pacifico October Big Day in Nicaragua and El Salvador, more than 250 bird species were recorded across nine regions. 

Among them were the striking Black Hawk-Eagle, the Highland Guan, the Long-billed Hermit, and the colorful Keel-billed Toucan.

These sightings highlight just how rich and varied the region’s bird life is. 

While some of these species are resident and others migratory, together, they remind us how each one depends on healthy forests, wetlands, and coastal ecosystems to survive.

Threats Facing Migratory Birds on the Pacific Coast

Bird populations are in sharp decline across the Americas. As per studies, nearly three million birds have disappeared since 1970.

The Pacific coast of Mesoamerica is one of the key regions these birds rely on, but it is facing serious pressures: 

Habitat loss and degradation

The greatest threat to migratory birds along the Pacific coast is the loss of natural habitat. 

Mangroves are being cleared for shrimp farms and development, wetlands are being drained, and dry forests are shrinking under agricultural expansion. 

Each of these landscapes supports different species at different stages of migration.

When birds lose these resting and feeding areas, their survival rates drop sharply. Even small habitat losses can disrupt the delicate chain of stopover sites that allows birds to complete their journeys. 

Climate change

Changing climate patterns are also altering the timing and conditions that migratory birds rely on. 

For example, rising sea levels are swallowing coastal wetlands, while higher temperatures and unpredictable rainfall are reshaping the availability of food and nesting sites.

Many species migrate in sync with food cycles, such as insect hatching or flowering seasons. 

When these natural cues shift, birds may arrive to find their food supply already gone. Over time, these mismatches lead to fewer successful migrations and smaller populations.

Other human-caused pressures

Human activity along the Pacific coast adds more challenges. 

Bright lights from cities, ports, and fishing boats disorient night-migrating birds. Collisions with buildings, power lines, and wind turbines are also becoming increasingly common.

Coastal development also brings noise, pollution, and disturbance to fragile habitats. 

Fishing operations can reduce prey availability or lead to accidental entanglement of seabirds. Because migratory routes span countries and continents, these local pressures have far-reaching effects, impacting species thousands of kilometres away.

How You Can Help Migratory Birds 

Scientists, conservation teams, and local communities, including each of us, all play a part in caring for the places migratory birds depend on. 

The Pacific coast of Mesoamerica still has an incredible richness of life, and with a little effort and cooperation, it can continue to be a safe haven for birds for generations to come.

Here’s how:

• Protect key habitats: Support efforts that conserve mangroves, wetlands, and dry forests. These are vital resting places for migratory birds.
• Keep corridors open: Migratory birds need open pathways, or corridors, between habitats. Help maintain wildlife corridors by supporting reforestation and land-use planning that connects natural areas.
• Encourage cross-border work: Back regional conservation programs that share research and coordinate protection across the Pacific Americas Flyway.
• Act locally: Plant native trees, cut down on plastic use, and switch off outdoor lights during migration seasons. Small choices can make big differences.

At Paso Pacífico, conservation is deeply personal. Our work along the Pacific coast of Nicaragua and El Salvador focuses on restoring balance to this key region. This includes replanting mangroves, protecting forests, and building strong partnerships with local communities. 

Each project is shaped by the belief that people and wildlife can thrive together when given the right support and opportunity.

You can be part of this effort by volunteering, donating, or simply sharing our mission. 

Every act of support helps protect the habitats that migratory birds depend on and keeps this extraordinary coastline full of life.

From eponymous superheroes to urban legends, bats have always been associated with darkness and mystery. But since October is Bat Appreciation Month, let’s set the record straight. Admittedly, October being the chosen month sort of foreshadows their often unfortunate reputation. But it’s undeniably the perfect time (and opportunity) to learn more about these winged mammals. 

Why? Because many species of these so-called “creatures of the night” are endangered today. The onus is on us to recognize the contribution of these unsung heroes. After all, they are a cog essential in maintaining the greater ecological balance machinery.

More species will continue to suffer if we keep fearing them. And, their decline can have a debilitating impact, far beyond our collective imagination. 

Set prejudices aside, learn more about the only mammals that can fly, and understand why bat conservation matters. 

The Interesting Truth About Bats 

Right off the bat (pun intended), let’s debunk the biggest myth about bats. 

So you always thought bats were birds? Here’s a shocker – they are not!

In fact, they are winged mammals. Believed to have originated from tree-dwelling mammals that fed on insects. They have been around since the Eocene Epoch. That’s approximately 50-52 million years. 

Since then, bats have thrived. They have diversified into more than 1,400 species! 

You can find 150+ species in the Mesoamerican region alone. Frugivorous, nectivorous, insectivorous — many different kinds of bat species call Mesoamerica their home. 

Each of these species is important. For the local ecosystems and the greater ecological balance. 

Why? 

Because bats help with: 

Pest Control 

Some bat species are omnivorous — their regular diet comprises insects, such as pests.  One bat can consume up to 50% of its body weight in insects. Pregnant or lactating bats can consume their entire body weight. 

As nature’s natural pest control, bats can save up to $1 billion in crop damages and pesticide costs for corn farmers in the US. 

Without them, invasive pests can take over, causing millions of dollars worth of damage in the agricultural industry.

Pollination 

It’s not just the bees that help in pollination, you know. Bats do too.

Most flowering plants can’t bear fruit by themselves. They need pollinators.

Frugivorous bats, feeding on nectar, help with pollination and cross-pollination. Their feeding habits are crucial to the very existence of some plants, like agave. 

Fun fact: Tequila that’s produced from agave owes its existence to bats. No bats, no agave, and therefore, no tequila shots. Sounds wild? It’s true. 

Balsa wood, carob, cloves, and durian are some of the other plants that benefit from bats. 

Seed Dispersal 

Mesoamerica’s vanishing green cover can be almost entirely blamed on illegal ranching. 

Indiscriminate expansion of agricultural patches, construction of roads, and human encroachment are also equally responsible for the depletion of green cover. 

While regenerating destroyed forest land is a complex process, bats, along with other animals, act as nature’s seed dispersers. Their eating and living habits play a key role in the restoration of destroyed forest cover. 

Bats are the knights of the night.

The Dark Side of It 

Bats happen to be one of the slowest reproducing mammals. Some species give birth to only one pup per female per year. They cannot easily replace their population by reproducing. Pair that with habitat destruction, indiscriminate hunting, and the emergence of predatory species, and you’ve a formula for disaster. 

They are in imminent danger for many reasons. 

Invasive Species 

Cats and bats are like chalk and cheese. They just don’t mix! 

Free-roaming cats are also one of the biggest threats to local bat populations.

Cats are invasive species. From birds to mammals, they are single-handedly responsible for decimating entire species. Bats, too, have been victims. 

Killings 

As one of the most misunderstood creatures, bats are often vilified in many cultures. The result? They are killed without a second thought. Then there’s misinformation, fear-mongering, superstitions, the list goes on and on. These often lead to rampant killings in semi-urban areas where bats may still exist. 

Wind Turbines 

Another unlikely villain in bat extinction is a wind turbine. But if you think collision with wind turbines is the only reason that causes their death, you’d be mistaken. 

Unsuspecting bat species can mistake gigantic wind turbines for forests. Wind turbines, especially utility-scale facilities, are the unlikely villains behind the indirect displacement of bats. That interferes with their habitat, mating patterns, and eating habits, ultimately leading to a decline in their population in habitats

Communicable Diseases

Then there’s the threat of White Nose Syndrome. A disease that causes fungal growth on the muzzles and wings of bats, it has sometimes been singlehandedly responsible for making entire species go extinct. 

Here’s a reality check to put things into the urgency perspective: 

1. 113 species of bats are considered vulnerable
2. 85 are endangered
3. 23 are critically endangered

To make matters worse, there’s not enough data available on more than 200 bat species. So, the numbers have every possibility of cutting an even poorer figure. 

Bat Appreciation Month 2025 should therefore be the ideal launchpad for spreading awareness and doing your bit towards conservation.

How the Local Bat Population Can Be Saved

Awareness-driven efforts can prove to be immensely helpful in conserving the local bat population. Besides debunking myths, action is also important in helping bolster large-scale conservation efforts. 

Simple acts, like the ones listed below, can make a world of difference: 

1. Planting natives helps create temporary habitats. Ecological landscaping also adds to the aesthetic appeal of the house.
2. Create a roosting space in the garden or on the roof. Mammals require nesting spaces when they’re about to give birth. Even a makeshift one made with a box helps bats.
3. Don’t rake the autumn leaves from the driveway or porch. Or, create piles in corners to allow bats to take shelter during the colder months.
4. Don’t use chemical-laden pesticides or fertilizers. Let the local bats do natural pest control.
5. Turn off lights in outdoor spaces when they are not needed. Saves electricity and provides a safe space for bats to rest.

Towards A Kinder, Better Tomorrow

At Paso Pacifico, we are committed to conserving the endangered indigenous species of the Pacific Slope in Mesoamerica. We closely collaborate with local communities, landowners, and partner organizations to drive our conservation efforts. 

Our unique approach is inclusive. It is built on a sense of shared responsibility and camaraderie. 

While this is our chosen path, it is also a gigantic effort. 

We cannot do this without you and need your help to continue doing the work that we have been doing since the early 2000s. Every donation helps us get closer to restoring the ecological balance in sensitive areas. 

We believe in the cause of peaceful coexistence, which has suffered many blows due to various reasons. 

By helping us, you help countless wildlife from eventual extinction. The donations are secure and tax-deductible. You also get to an intimate understanding of your local species, connecting with nature in a meaningful manner. 

Click here to donate. 

Have you ever dreamt of taking your dream vacation in Mexico? Do you picture white sandy beaches and endless parties under the stars?

Well, here’s something you may not know. You’ll find more than just beaches or delicious food in Mexico. It also has some of the world’s most diverse and rich ecosystems.

Take Oaxaca, for example. This Mexican state has over 8000 species of plant life. 

Fascinated with animals? You’ll also find numerous types of reptiles, mammals, and aquatic animals. In fact, the beaches of Oaxaca are an important breeding ground for leatherback sea turtles.  

The state is also home to 738 different species of bird life. That’s 70% of all of Mexico’s birds! 

In this blog, we are exploring one particular bird: the Oaxaca hummingbird, also known as the blue-capped hummingbird. (Eupherusa cyanophrys) 

But what is so special about hummingbirds in Oaxaca, Mexico? 

We tell you everything below!

The Hummingbird in Mexican Culture 

The hummingbird is an important bird in Mexico. It has also been revered through the centuries. 

But before we explain why, here are some essentials you should know about this beautiful bird:

• It is non-migratory and you can only find it around the Sierra Madre del Sur area.
• It has a bright and colorful plumage that shines like some ethereal jewel; if you are lucky enough to see it flying in the sunlight, that is!
• It is a pollinating bird, and thus very important to the region’s flora

You will find the hummingbird depicted everywhere in Oaxaca. 

They will be embroidered onto textiles, painted on pottery, and even carved onto quaint wooden alebrijes. These alebrijes are often described as Mexican spirit animals and carry symbolic power. Not surprising, really, because the Oaxaca hummingbird represents energy, vitality, and love. Quite apt for a bird that is tireless in its flight and dazzling to look at. 

This reverence for the Oaxaca hummingbird can be traced back to ancient civilizations. 

In Mayan culture

The Mayans believed that the Gods created the hummingbird to carry messages. 

Legend has it that after all the animals had been created, the Gods realized they needed someone to deliver their thoughts and wishes. But there was no corn or clay left to create one more creature. 

So, they carved out a tiny arrow from jade, and that became the hummingbird. 

The Aztecs 

The ancient Aztecs connected the hummingbirds to renewal and resurrection. 

Perhaps because the birds seemed to disappear during dry seasons. It only reappeared with the monsoon. 

The Aztecs also believed the souls of courageous people came back as hummingbirds. These included the souls of those who had died in battle. And women who died while givng birth. 

Interestingly, the Aztec god of sun and war was Huitzilopochtli. This literally translates into ‘left-handed hummingbird.’ 

He embodied strength, fire, and movement. 

Legends often talk about how he appeared in the form of a hummingbird to guide his people forward as they migrated to the valley of Mexico. 

Features and Habits of the Oaxaca Hummingbird 

Let us now explore the main feature of the Oaxaca hummingbird and its daily life.

Size and appearance

The Oaxaca hummingbird measures about 4-5 inches (10-11 cms) in length. The males are more vibrant and boast of bright blue crowns and glossy green backs. 

The coloring of females is slightly muted 

Both have a slender body, long bill, and they beat their wings quite rapidly—just like all other types of hummingbirds.  

Feeding 

The hummingbird’s primary food is nectar. It gets this by jumping from flower to flower, especially those that are in tubular shape. It will sometimes also eat small insects and spiders. 

The hummingbird also uses up a lot of energy as it flits around. This means it has to feed frequently throughout the day. 

Breeding

We don’t have very specific information on the breeding habits of the Oaxaca hummingbird. 

However, they are believed to be quite close to those of the typical hummingbird. 

The role of the male is limited to flashing his colors and wooing the female. The female, on the other hand, builds her tiny cup-shaped nest all by herself. 

She then incubates and hatches the two tiny white eggs. Again, all by herself. 

An interesting fact to note is that hummingbirds don’t pair for the long term, and breeding is generally limited to a brief interaction.

Habitat

The Oaxaca hummingbird has its home in the evergreen forests of the Oaxaca region (hence the name!) 

They are typically found at elevations of  600–2,000 meters above sea level. 

This area The forests here provide the birds with all they need for survival—flower blossoms, insects, and nesting sites. 

The conservation of these forests is crucial to the survival of the bird itself. 

Behavior 

Dusk and dawn are the busiest times for the Oaxaca hummingbird. It also shows territorial behavior if any other bird dares to encroach upon its feeding ground. 

One more interesting fact is that if food is scarce, it can enter torpor. This is a temporary state of reduced activity that helps it conserve energy. 

Dangers Faced By the Oaxaca Hummingbird 

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has listed the Oaxaca hummingbird as endangered. This list is managed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

The total population of the bird is only about 600-1700, and numbers are continuing to decline. 

The main factors contributing to this are: 

1. Habitat loss 

This is one of the biggest threats. 

The Oaxaca hummingbird depends on the forest  for its food and shelter. However, these are slowly disappearing to make way for farms and other human occupations. 

2. Fragmented forests 

The Oaxaca hummingbird no longer has one continuous stretch of forest. 

This makes daily life much harder, as it now has to fly for longer between feeding and nesting areas. These open spaces also become risky, with the threat of other predatory birds. 

3. Changes in climate

Weather changes in the Mesoamerican region have impacted how and when flowers bloom. If the timing is off, the hummingbird is likely to have fewer sources of nectar. 

Research also suggests that because the Oaxaca hummingbird has such a limited area to live in, its adaptability is also limited. When we add to this the pressure of habitat loss and climate change, it is very likely that their numbers will shrink even further 

4. Human threats 

Dried hummingbirds are sometimes sold as love charms in certain markets in Mexico. Not only is this illegal, but it also adds pressure to a dwindling population. 

Protecting the Oaxaca Hummingbird 

To keep the Oaxaca hummingbird safe, we need to protect its home. Here are some efforts that we can put in:

• Help protect the forests by supporting local community-led initiatives
• Choose products like shade-grown coffee. This helps provide the farmers with income while letting the forests thrive
• Choose to buy hummingbird art and embroidery, not dried bird love charms
• Practice eco-tourism in order to motivate local communities to conserve the forest
• Get involved in the work of non-profit groups such as Paso Pacífico

At Paso Pacífico, we are focused on restoring forests, building wildlife corridors, and protecting endangered species like the Oaxaca hummingbird in the Mesoamerican region of the Pacific slope.

If you are interested in helping us, you can visit our website and learn more about our various projects. 

The Pacific coast is home to some of the world’s most unique wildlife. In this region, you can find sea turtles, jaguars, and even spider monkeys—all of which play a crucial role in maintaining the balance in this fragile ecosystem. 

But did you know that the Pacific coast is also home to a fascinating seabird that is steeped in legends and folklore? 

We are talking about the ashy storm petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa). 

You can find this nocturnal bird over the waters that stretch from California down to northern Baja, in Mexico.

In this blog, we explore the habits of the ashy storm petrel and the many stories associated with it. We also delve into why it needs the kind of protection Paso Pacifico is committed to providing endangered species of the region. 

Habits and Features of the Ashy Storm Petrel 

The ashy storm petrel, as its name suggests, is smoky grey in color. They have a slightly forked tail and long, slender wings. 

Let’s look at their other main features: 

Size

The ashy storm petrel is a small bird, about the size of a robin, and it weighs slightly over an ounce. That’s quite tiny, right?

But what’s astounding is that this tiny little bird spends most of its life out on the open seas. And, more importantly, it survives in conditions that can challenge even larger birds.

Feeding habits 

The ashy storm petrel mainly eats plankton, larval fish, and small crustaceans. 

However, unlike some of its relatives, our bird does not hover over the water as it looks for food. Instead, it takes a more efficient and energy-saving approach; it rests on the surface of the water and picks its prey up directly.

Breeding

As we said, the ashy storm petrel prefers to spend its time over the water. But it does return to offshore islands in the Pacific during breeding season. Their breeding grounds are primarily on the South Farallon and Channel Islands. 

These birds don’t dig their own burrows. Instead, they build their nests into natural rock crevices, caves, or even under driftwood. Each pair of ashy storm petrels raises only one chick per season, and both parents share the responsibility of caring for it. 

This slow process, which takes approximately four months, is one of the longest breeding cycles of any seabird.

Lifespan

The ashy storm petrel has one of the longest life spans among seabirds, with most living up to 30-34 years on average. 

What’s even more fascinating is that they typically return to the same mate and even the same burrow, year after year. 

What Does the Storm-Petrel Symbolize?

For those who lived on or near the seas, the storm petrel was a symbol of both danger and survival. If you were a sailor in the 18th or 19th century, sighting a storm petrel meant that a storm was on its way, and that you had better start preparing for rough seas. 

European sailors also nicknamed storm-petrels as “Mother Carey’s Chickens.” 

Mother Carey was the name given to the rough seas, while ‘chickens’ represented the souls of dead sailors. For these sailors, the storm petrel became a symbol of the sea’s power to claim lives. 

There is an interesting fact about their original name, too. It is thought to be rooted in the biblical figure of Saint Peter, who walked on water. Petrels often appear to be doing the same thing when they patter on the ocean surface, searching for their food. 

The ashy storm petrel was not just another bird skimming the waves. It was seen as a messenger from the ocean and the water spirits. Because they flew low over the water and appeared suddenly out of the dark, petrels were also regarded as mysterious and a little otherworldly. This often led to them being thought of as guides or protectors.

Predators and Other Ashy Storm Petrel Threats 

The ashy storm petrel faces challenges from both natural predators as well as man-made pressures. When combined, these factors put significant strain on a species that already breeds slowly and has a small global population.

Let’s look at some of  these threats in detail:

Burrowing owls

These owls are a significant threat to storm petrels on the Farallon islands, especially during the winter months. The burrowing owl normally feeds on non native house mice. These become scarce in cold weather, which leads the owl to start hunting the ashy storm petrel. 

This predation is especially harmful because the owls can take many birds in a short period and weaken entire colonies in the process. 

Human-introduced predators

Rats and feral cats are another major threat. Neither is a native species to these offshore islands. Rats arrived as stowaways on ships, and cats were often bought by people to control rodent populations, or even as pets at lighthouses or military outposts. Over time, their population spread and became feral. 

Because there was no natural check on these creatures, they began raiding seabird colonies. Rats consume eggs and chicks directly from burrows, while cats prey on both young and adult birds. 

And, as the ashy storm petrel only produces one chick per breeding season, even small losses from these predators can have significant consequences.

Other native predators 

Native birds such as gulls and larger seabirds also occasionally prey on storm petrel fledglings that are leaving their nest for the first time. Although this is part of the natural balance, it adds another layer of pressure.

Light pollution 

Fishing boat lights, cargo ship lights, and even lights from coastal developments can disorient the ashy storm petrel. This often results in collisions and leaves the bird unable to return to sea. This further makes them easy prey. 

Other pollution

Petrels can mistake floating plastic fragments in the ocean for prey. When they fill their stomachs with such indigestible material, it can lead to starvation. Even when plastics don’t kill directly, they release harmful chemicals that build up in the birds’ bodies over time.

Climate change

The California Current is a cold-water system that is rich in nutrients. It also fuels the entire marine food chain of the region. However, this crucial system is being threatened by rising sea temperatures. 

As the water gets warmer, it reduces the availability of plankton and small fish, the primary food sources of the ashy storm petrel. When there is less food, the chances of breeding success are also low.  

How You Can Help the Ashy Storm Petel 

There are only about ten thousand ashy storm petrels left in the world today. In fact, the bird has also been classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 

This means that a single oil spill or season of poor food supply can set back entire colonies.

At Paso Pacifico, protecting the ashy storm petrel is an integral part of our larger vision. This involves safeguarding coastal ecosystems and ensuring that wildlife and people can thrive together. Your smallest contributions, whether it’s sharing knowledge, supporting restoration, or helping raise awareness, play a key role in keeping these efforts alive.

The words threatened, endangered, and extinct may not seem very different to us. But for wildlife specialists, the differences are very important. It’s how we understand the unique threats each species faces, and how we devise methods to protect them. It teaches us to better account for an animal’s needs. It’s essentially what enables groups like Paso Pacifico to lead conservation programs across Mesoamerica — and the rest of the world.

What is the difference between extinct, endangered, and threatened species? This article will explain with prominent examples. It also outlines tips on what you can do to protect at-risk animals, even if you’re far from the action.

Endangered Species vs Threatened Species

“Endangered” and “threatened” are two classifications conservationists use to assess the threats posed to each species and how they affect its population. They are usually the most dire of all categories. 

With that said, there are, frustratingly, multiple definitions for what makes a species endangered or threatened. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), for example, lists threatened not as its own category, but as an umbrella term for three at-risk categories: 

• Vulnerable
• Endangered
• Critically endangered

Vulnerable species are those that could become endangered. Endangered species are at risk of disappearing entirely. Critically endangered species are ones that have suffered severe population losses or are projected to decline by 80% within the next three generations.

In the United States, on the other hand, the definitions differ slightly.

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) finds any species in “danger of extinction throughout a significant portion of its range” to be endangered. It defines threatened more closely to the IUCN’s understanding of vulnerable: “any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future.”

Regardless of categorization, both endangered and threatened species are given certain protections. This includes active measures to prevent humans from harming, harassing, or killing any members of its species. In the U.S., species that face any of the following challenges can be listed as endangered or threatened: 

• Destruction, or modification of habitat
• Overuse for any purpose — commercial, recreational, educational or otherwise
• Disease or predation
• Lack of regulations
• Natural or human-made factors affecting its existence

Beyond endangered and threatened, the species can also fall into a few other categories. On one end, you have species of least concern, which face no prominent threats to their populations. On the other hand, you have species classified as “extinct in the wild”, which means the only living populations are under human care.

Examples of Endangered Species

It’s an unfortunate fact for conservationists to admit, but there are far too many endangered and threatened species to list in an article. Instead, let’s focus on the five species at the most immediate threat, as per the WWF. 

• The Central American squirrel monkey
• Bairds tapir
• Sea turtles such as the hawksbill and olive ridley
• Jaguars
• Howling monkeys

Poaching and habitat loss have been the biggest challenges for these five species. But even global attention doesn’t guarantee safety.

Take Marcel, the white-faced capuchin made famous by Friends. Millions of people loved him on screen, yet that fame hasn’t done much for his relatives in the wild.

The capuchin is classified as a vulnerable species, despite the best efforts of conservation groups of Mesoamerica to reverse the trend.

When is an Animal Considered Extinct?

When the last member of a species dies, that species is gone forever — officially extinct. It’s the final and most irreversible stage of loss.

For most of history, extinction meant the end of the story. Recently, though, scientists have made small steps toward reversing it. There have been attempts to clone a mountain goat once found in the Pyrenees and to bring back the strange gastric-brooding frog, a species that once hopped through the streams of eastern Australia. There’s also been an international race to revive the woolly mammoth.

Fascinating as these efforts are, no one wants to rely on science to undo what could have been prevented in the first place. The far better approach is to keep species from reaching that point at all — by slowing climate change, preserving wild habitats, and making the threats to endangered animals impossible to ignore.

Some of the most prominent examples of animals that went extinct include:

• The dodo bird. It was last seen in the 1600s
• The woolly mammoth. It last roamed Earth 4000 years ago
• The passenger pigeon. Once abundant. Last seen in the 1900s
• Tasmanian Tiger. A marsupial that was last seen in 1936

These species are particularly notable — maybe because they went extinct relatively recently or because they were so unusual to look at. But they represent only a fraction of the losses. Thousands of others have disappeared without making headlines. The World Wildlife Fund reports that by the best estimates, 200 species go extinct every year. In the worst case? 2,000 species a year.

How You Can Help 

The good news is that you don’t have to be an expert in biology to take action. Neither do you have to actively transport yourself to the forests of Nicaragua, or the wetlands of Southeast Asia.

Each of us has the power to make a difference with small everyday actions. 

Make a statement with your wallet 

Think about what you buy. It may not feel particularly heroic, but choosing products that are sustainably made or forest-friendly sends a clear signal. It tells companies that the customers are watching. That’s real pressure.

Practice eco-tourism

Everybody deserves a vacation, but not every vacation spot needs tourists. When you plan a holiday, avoid overwhelming places that are sensitive. Small choices while you’re there — like supporting a local guide, or cleaning up after yourself — also make a huge difference.

Spread awareness

Talk about it. Sharing stories on social media, in a blog post, even just over coffee with friends, keeps important conversations going. It may not seem like it at the time but you might just start a conversation that leads someone else to act.

Support Conservation Efforts 

Finally, don’t forget to support the troops on the ground. Paso Pacifico is just one of thousands of organizations devoted to protecting wildlife and rebuilding habitats across the world. Our efforts focus on reviving the endangered dry tropical forests and coastal ecosystems of Mesoamerica’s Pacific Slope. We have a massive network of on-ground volunteers who engage with local communities and build extensive programs to protect forests, wildlife, and livelihoods. Your support would go a long way in helping us achieve our goals. Even a small contribution helps us in our important work. 

The Pacific Coast in the Mesoamerican region stretches from sunny California and Mexico to the heart of Central America. 

The region is not just rich in history and culture, but also abundant in tropical dry forests, mangroves, and grasslands. And, when the monsoon rains fall, the landscapes and canopy are transformed into a lush green carpet.

And what about the animals of the Pacific Coast? 

Well, some move to wetter ground when it’s dry. Others switch diets. A few stash food away for leaner months. Each one plays its part in keeping the place balanced. But, as you might guess, we humans haven’t made it easy for them.

In this blog, we talk about some of the most prominent Pacific Coast animals and the dangers they are facing. 

Some Common Pacific Coast Animals 

As we said, the Pacific Coast is made up of different and distinct regions. And each is home to a unique set of animals: 

Tropical Dry Forest

• Deer
• Coati
• Armadillo
• Howler monkey
• Variegated squirrel
• Peccary
• Mexican deer mouse

Grasslands & Scrublands

• Iguana
• Giant whiptail lizard
• Snakes (various species)

Coastal Waters & Beaches

• Brown pelican
• Frigatebird
• Dolphin
• Raccoon
• Otter

Mangroves & Wetlands

• Small fish and crabs
• Wading birds
• Mangrove cuckoo
• Central American tapir
• Ocelot

Among all these animals, there are a few that play very important roles in maintaining the ecological balance in the area. These include: 

Coyotes

Coyotes, also called prairie dogs, are quite adaptable. They thrive quite well in dense forests and grassy plains. They are also crafty and nimble enough to survive closer to human-populated areas. But to truly appreciate coyotes, we need to understand their eating habits. 

So, what does a coyote eat? 

Its diet typically consists of rodents, insects, and other small animals. Nothing very fascinating in just that.

But, ponder upon this. These animals are the very ones that sneak into our farms and ruin our crops. So, by eating them, coyotes are essentially providing us with a form of natural pest control. 

But the farmers are not always grateful! 

This is because expanding agricultural land also means a decline in the typical prey for coyotes. In such situations, they tend to hunt livestock. Apart from this, many coyotes also end up victims of speeding cars on roads and highways. 

Coyotes are not exactly becoming extinct anytime soon. But it should worry us that their numbers are declining at an alarming rate.  

Jaguars

The jaguar is the biggest cat in Central America. It commonly hunts for deer, peccaries, and other herbivores. By doing so, jaguars help to stop overgrazing in the forests. This means that forests stay healthier. Sounds good and balanced, right?

Well, not really. See, for jaguars to do what they do effectively, they need room. Loads of room to roam. This translates into huge territories that can often stretch across countries. 

Now, with cattle ranching, farming, and new roads cutting up forests, their ranges have become isolated patches. Males can’t reach females, and genetic diversity suffers.

And then there’s poaching. Some are killed for their pelts, others because they’ve gone after livestock. Without large, connected forests, the jaguar’s days in some regions could be numbered.

Spider Monkeys

The Central American spider monkey has long limbs, a tail that acts like a fifth hand, and the agility to swing between the highest of trees without needing a break. They also love fruit. When they jump from tree to tree,  they tend to drop some seeds. This accidental reforestation helps keep the ecosystem diverse. 

However, spider monkeys are also facing challenges. Firstly, they are already considered an endangered species. If they were to survive as well as thrive, they need to be able to live in large forests. 

Logging and farming keep shrinking those areas. Hunters target them, and the pet trade scoops up babies, leaving the mothers behind. Since females only have a baby every few years, once the population dips, it’s a slow climb back.

Sea Turtles

There is a very interesting thing you should know about sea turtles. They always return to the beach where they hatched to lay their own eggs. This fascinating ‘GPS’ instinct also plays a crucial role in the health of the ocean as well as the surrounding areas. 

Here’s how:

• They help trim down the seagrass
• They help maintain coral reef balance by controlling sponge growth
• They carry nutrients from the ocean to land during nesting

But their survival isn’t guaranteed. Coastal development paves over nesting spots. Bright lights pull hatchlings away from the water. Eggs get stolen. Adults get caught in fishing nets or mistake plastic for jellyfish. Even sand temperature, which is now warmer due to climate change, can impact the ratio of males to females.

Central American Agoutis

You might overlook the Central American agouti, but forests can’t afford to. These rodents bury seeds and nuts for later, and often forget to dig them up again.. Those forgotten caches grow into trees—especially big-seeded species that few other animals can move. Take them out of the picture, and the slow, natural rebuilding of the forest grinds down. Sadly, like so many others, agoutis are losing habitat and in some places are hunted for food.

How You Can Help 

This Mesoamerican region is not just stunning; It also contributes at least 7% of our planet’s total biodiversity. Think of it as a major life support system for planet Earth. A decline in any one Pacific Coast animal can impact food chains, damage fragile habitats, and even lead to climate change. 

Here is how you can do your little bit in preventing this. 

• Learn and share – When more people know about these animals, the more people there are to care. Tell your friends and post online whenever you can. Let us create awareness together.
• Help plant trees – Support groups that restore forests. Every tree adds food, shelter, and safe routes for wildlife.
• Donate – Groups like Paso Pacífico need funding for rangers, restoration, and community projects.

One person alone won’t fix everything. But thousands of small actions? That’s how change starts.

How Paso Pacífico Protects Pacific Coast Animals

Paso Pacífico has one primary mission. To protect wildlife and forests across the Pacific Slope of Central America. In fact, the organization works closely with local communities to ensure these goals are achieved. 

Some of their projects include:

• Sea Turtle Conservation: Rangers guard nests and guide hatchlings to the sea
• Spider Monkey Recovery: Replanting corridors so monkeys can reconnect
• Forest Restoration: Helping farmers grow native trees and protect water
• Community Engagement: Training, teaching, and creating alternatives to logging or poaching.

If you want to back their work, head to Paso Pacífico’s donation page. Even a small gift can help keep Pacific coast animals where they belong—wild and free.

Do you know what’s the most fascinating thing about nature? Even its smallest creatures carry the biggest imaginable responsibilities. And, a fine example of that is the Central American Agouti. This seemingly insignificant creature that looks like an odd cross between a capybara and a squirrel helps in improving the green cover of its habitat. 

Never heard of them? 

Picture this — a smallish creature that looks like a cross between a rat and a squirrel buries a fruit to eat it later. The fruit lies forgotten, and its flesh slowly decomposes with time. Only the seeds remain, growing into a plant over time. 

Now, imagine hundreds of thousands of Central American Agoutis and their forgetful eating habits. There’s no denying how much the species can do for the ecosystem. 

Where Can You Find Central American Agoutis? 

Agoutis are shy creatures — they like to hide. That’s why they naturally gravitate towards grasslands, forests, savannahs, and even densely covered farmlands where there are plenty of borrowing spots. 

Besides, they also like being next to water. Riverbanks and lakes are also their favorite nesting spots. 

Their population is largely concentrated in northern Argentina and southern Mexico. 

While Central American agoutis do not fall under the critically endangered category, habitat destruction is a potentially fatal threat to their potential. 

How Can You Tell Central American Agoutis from Other Rodents?  

Central American agoutis do not have a remarkable appearance. 

To the untrained eye, they can look like an exceptionally frail capybara or rather large squirrel.

How can you tell them apart from other rodents? 

At roughly 6.6–9.3 lb, Central American agoutis are smaller than capybaras but slightly bigger than squirrels. 

They have a coarse but surprisingly shiny coat of brownish fur, with red, orange, or yellow streaks. In contrast, capybaras usually have uniform brownish fur, while squirrels can have quite a few variations in their softer, shinier coats. 

Then there are the legs. Central American Agoutis tend to walk on tiptoes, with dominant hind legs. That’s unlike capybaras (who have webbed feet) and squirrels (long, slender legs made for leaping). 

Unlike squirrels, their tail is largely hairless and inconspicuous. 

While all three are rodents, there are more subtle differences between each species than you can guess. 

That said, there’s another tell-tale sign that differentiates Central American agoutis. No, it’s not a physical trait. It’s more of a social trait. 

They are by themselves or in pairs. In stark contrast, capybaras are very social rodents who hang out in large groups of 40 or more. Meanwhile, squirrels are solitary rangers. At times, they can live in small communities. 

What Are Central American Agoutis Like? 

Don’t dismiss them just because they are rodents. Central American Agoutis have rather interesting social habits.

These rodents are monogamous, often bonding for a lifetime and living in pairs close to a food and water source. The males, not unlike other wild animals, perform mating rituals to impress their partners. That ritual involves spraying the female with urine to pair bond with them. It makes the females often perform something called “frenzy dance.”  

While the pair tends to live together for most of their lifetime, the agouti females can push the males out of their nest when they are nursing their young. That’s only temporary.  

Sometimes, a Central American Agouti couple can continue living with its offspring. But these rodents are particularly social. A nuclear family is their chosen way of living. 

And, they are extremely defensive about protecting their family. And, they are not strangers to literal fist fights. 

This variety of agoutis can pick up fights to fend others off their territory. Other defense tactics include scent marking and vocal cues. You can mistake agouti noise for a dog’s bark if you hear two of them fighting over a territory for the first time. 

What Makes Central American Agoutis Special? 

Many things.

As one of nature’s most prolific scatterhoarders, Central American Agoutis act a seed dispersers. 

What does that even mean? 

Well, they have an innate tendency to store food (in this case, fruits and nuts) in multiple dispersed locations. It’s a survival strategy for them. When there’s a scarcity of their favorite food, Central American agoutis can switch their diet to leaves and roots of tress too. 

While their dietary choices are not particularly exception, their habits related to food are interesting.

Why? 

Because scatterhoarding is the stepping stone to reforestation in areas inhabited by these rodents because they do not always come back to these food stores. 

This simple habit of scatterhoarding also helps in carbon conservation in their natural habitats. 

And, it makes these agoutis a keystone species. Their eating habits are critical to the survival of Brazil nut and other fruit trees.  

Without them in action, entire ecosystems can collapse. 

Then there’s more: Central American Agoutis are also important for the food chain. Predators like jaguars, pumas, tayras, snakes, and ocelots enjoy snacking on them. They can starve if these rodents go missing and that’s not an ideal situation.

Even though they are currently not threatened, we should make every effort to ensure the Dasyprocta punctata population does not decline. 

What Threatens the Survival of Central American Agoutis? 

Lots of things. 

Urban encroachment of forests, grasslands, riverbanks, and other habitats poses the biggest potential threat to Central American Agoutis. 

That does not imply they are not adaptable as a species. These rodents can survive in a variety of dry to wet climate conditions, especially in predator-free areas. 

The problem lies elsewhere — in their diurnal habits. 

Unlike other agoutis, those found in Central America forage for food during the day. And since they prefer living at the edge of riverbanks and forest areas, that makes them far too susceptible to predators. 

What makes matters more complicated is that they are hunted for meat by predators and humans alike. Agouti meat is a delicacy in many Central American cultures. 

Fun fact: Some claim that the father of evolutionary biology, Charles Darwin, had a taste for agouti meat. 

So, they get preyed upon or hunted. Frequently. 

As a result, the delicate ecological balance on their tiny shoulders is vulnerable to getting overturned. 

Join Our Mission to Protect Biodiversity 

Central American agoutis may not look fancy (or adorable, for that matter), but are very important for their local ecosystems. Ruthless hunting for meat or indiscriminate destruction of their habitat that jeopardizes their existence can tip the ecological balance. 

We have to prevent that from happening, because even a tiny missing cog can bring the grand scheme of things to a shuddering halt. 

Not sure of how you can do your part? Visit our website to learn more about efforts in conserving biodiversity in the Pacific Coast and make a donation today. 

Fondly nicknamed the prairie wolf, coyotes are a canine species endemic to the western parts of North America. They rose in ecological prominence during the Middle Pleistocene era. Known for their adaptability and ability to thrive in adverse conditions, modern coyotes have since expanded their territory. Today, these “song dogs” run wild in Central America and even Mexico. 

Because they have been cohabiting with their human counterpart for times immemorial, coyotes thrive in natural and urban environments.  

Although they have predominantly featured in local folklore, these canines are largely misunderstood. Sadly enough, they are often indiscriminately murdered by bounty hunters for as little as USD$1 per kill. 

Even after having the odds stacked against them, coyotes continue to coexist with humans. 

What are coyotes in America really like? You’ll soon find out. 

What Does a Coyote Look Like? 

Coyotes, a.k.a. Canis latrans, may be closely related to wolves, but you can tell the two apart by a few distinct physical attributes. 

As predators who are also scavengers, coyotes have a lithe body that gives them unparalleled agility. They’re smaller in size compared to wolves with fairly large, although proportionate, ears. The pointed tips of their ears can give them away to the trained eye. 

Most coyotes endemic to North America weigh between 18 to 30 pounds, although inbred species can be heavier. 

Then there’s the typical bushy black-tipped tail. It mostly faces downwards. 

They are also blessed with exceptional senses. Smell, sight, and sound — they have got it all. That’s what makes coyotes stealthy predators. 

There’s no denying that ecologically they have been unable to fill the gap left by dire wolves. Even then, they’re capable hunters, preying on rabbits and rodents. 

In exceptional cases, they are even capable of hunting larger prey. 

Their fur’s beautiful too. Long, coarse with a grayish brown top and hints of red behind the ears and near the legs, it’s complemented by a lighter underbelly. 

Seasonal changes do affect their coat. It gets thicker or thinner depending on the time of the year.

While they closely resemble many domesticated species of dogs and even wolves, coyotes have dazzling yellow eyes. And, their eyes glow like headlights in the dark. 

Don’t panic if you encounter a coyote. Keep your calm. Look for the eyes, ears, and tail. These three unique features together can be the tell-tale sign of one. 

Where Do Coyotes Live? 

Coyotes love the grasslands. But forests, swamps, temperate rainforests, savannahs, or even urban spaces — they can be found anywhere. 

They have thrived. In spite of getting hunted down by gray wolves. Their adaptability has always stood the test of time. Anywhere you go along the Pacific Coast, you’ll be able to find some. 

You’d be surprised to learn that 19 subspecies of coyotes inhabit different parts of the country, from California to Newfoundland, Alaska, Mexico, and Panama. 

Experts believe that coyotes are capable of crossing the Panama Canal into South America, influenced by habitat changes.

Talk about resilience, and you can learn a lesson or two from these canines. 

Are Coyotes an Endangered Species? 

Certainly not. 

In fact, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) categorizes coyotes as “least concerned.” In spite of facing threats from larger predators and habitat destruction, coyotes in America continue to thrive in newer territories. 

However, that does not mean they don’t face challenges. 

In popular culture and folklore, coyotes are often compared to tricksters. This perception, along with their scavenging nature, makes them susceptible to cruelty and killings. 

According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services, 64,000 are intentionally killed or hunted each year. 

They face death from bounty hunters, poisoning, traps, aerial gunning, and more. Unfortunately for them, many states even allow for indiscriminate and unrestricted killing of these resilient canines. In some cases, hound hunting sprees are also hosted with coyotes as the targets. 

Do coyotes deserve this treatment? Certainly not. Here’s why. 

Coyotes are solitary animals. Urban encroachment is nothing but an aftereffect of their habitat destruction. As we destroy grasslands for agriculture, cut down trees, continue with unchecked urbanisation, as we make no efforts to arrest climate change, their natural habitat suffers. 

They are forced to seek newer habitats and diets. 

That’s how they end up attacking household pets. It earns them a bad reputation as destructive animals.  

A dire lack of awareness and the human propensity towards violence also affect their well-being. 

Truth be told, coyotes can survive in pairs. Wildlife experts have discovered that coyote couples mate for life, often living a monogamous life, unlike other canines. 

They can also survive in small family groups. 

While they have learned to adapt themselves to their changing surroundings, it’s important to learn to co-exist with coyotes. 

After all, they play their part in maintaining the ecological balance. 

Co-habiting with Coyotes in America 

Animals like coyotes deserve as much of the planet and its resources as humans do. Instead of conflict and killing, choose coexistence. It’s easier said than done. But, with the right intent and education, not impossible. 

Do coyotes run wild where you live?  

Don’t worry about them ruining your peace — you can coexist in harmony.  Small changes can make a world of difference. 

1. Tackle the matter of trash first. Coyote-proof your trash cans. Use garbage bins with lockable or tight-fitting lids that cannot be opened by coyotes or other wildlife. 

2. Do predator control the non-lethal way. Instead of traps and poison, opt for visual or noise-based control methods. Electric fences are also helpful in preventing coyote invasion without being fatally harmful. 

3. Don’t feed your pets in open areas like porches or leave food out for them. Dog and cat food, especially the commercial ones, are made to have tantalizing smells that can attract coyotes. 

4. Regularly inspect crawl spaces in the house and seal them off. Coyotes like to hide in incredibly small spaces and therefore can take shelter in these areas. Try to take precautions instead of getting defensive. 

5. Trim any hedges or undergrowth regularly if you don’t wish to clear it off. Chopping it all off is the better option because it even helps protect your property from wildfires.

6. If you like to cook in your backyard or porch, make sure everything’s spanking clean. Pull a tarp over them when they are not in use. This includes barbecues, Blackstone griddles, pizza ovens, and similar cooking appliances. 

7. Cover your pool when it’s not in use and make sure there’s no open water source or container lying unguarded by the house. 

8. Practice the simple yet effective mantra of “Live and Let Live.” 

Help Us in Our Mission 

We are dedicated to the cause of protecting biodiversity and encouraging peaceful cohabitation between different species in Mesoamerica. Visit our website to learn more about how you can help us in our mission and do your part. 

At Paso Pacifico, we take the plight of endangered birds in America to heart. Together with our volunteers, partners, donors, and sponsors, we do everything we can to keep these species from going extinct through our programs and partnerships.

The goal is to protect habitats where they can live and safely breed. Threatened by habitat disruption, these birds’ numbers have been dwindling over the last decades. The IUCN lists 31 endangered birds in North America—96 in South America and 28 in Mesoamerica, totaling 155 bird species.  

Let’s explore some of these endangered feathered creatures and how Paso Pacifico has been protecting their habitats so future generations can see them fly across the region’s skies. 

Notable Endangered Birds in North, Central, and South America

Get to know these endangered birds in America and the threats to their survival. 

Tricolored Blackbird

Scientific name: Agelaius tricolor

Habitat loss has affected their nesting and foraging, leading to the tricolored blackbird’s population decline by more than 60%. Almost endemic to California and existing in the Central Valley, Sierra Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Baja California, their population faces threats like urbanization, the conversion of their habitats into crop plantations, and low insect abundance due to pesticide use. 

Dwarf Tinamou

Scientific name: Taoiniscus nanus

This plump, short-legged, partridge-like bird is now rare and found only in scattered pockets of tropical savanna in central and southeastern Brazil. They’re now mostly found in protected areas, but frequent grass fires and the conversion of their habitats into eucalyptus and soya plantations continue to threaten them.

Marbled Murrelet

Scientific name: Brachyramphus marmoratus

Marbled mullets are diving seabirds and are among the endangered birds in America. They forage in the ocean and nest in forests. These members of the Alcidae family remain abundant in the Aleutian Islands, Canada’s Pacific Coast, and Southern Alaska and California. However, they are quickly disappearing from Alaska, Washington, and British Columbia. 

Increased predation, oil spills, and the disturbance of their nesting sites and forest edges are their main threats. Lack of prey affects their pre-breeding diets. Combined with rising sea-surface temperatures, these factors reduce their reproductive abilities.

Sun Parakeet

Scientific name: Aratinga solstitialis

The sun parakeet or sun conure is a medium-sized, vibrantly hued parrot. It hails from northeastern Roraima, Brazil, and Guyana. The international bird trade has led them to disappear from large areas that used to be part of their range.

They are now very scarce, with a 50% to 59% decline over the last few decades. Though populations have somewhat recovered in Guyana, threats like illegal trapping, poaching, and habitat loss due to logging and land conversions continue.

White-Collared Kite

Scientific name: Leptodon forbesi 

The white-collard kite has become scarce due to habitat loss. According to the National Red List of Brazil, the population of mature white-collared kites is around 2,500. Forest fires, indiscriminate small-scale logging, and hunting continue to disrupt their range. 

Mangrove Hummingbird

Scientific name: Chrysuronia boucardi

The mangrove hummingbird lives in Golfo de Nicoya to Golfo Dulce on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Though there are 1,500 to 7,000 mature individuals, their range on the Pacific Coast is rapidly shrinking. Mangrove forests, which are their homes, are continuously degraded.

Moreover, deforestation for shrimp aquaculture, selective logging for charcoal production, the construction of roads and dikes, rising sea levels, and pollution threaten their existence.

Oaxaca Hummingbird

Scientific name: Eupherusa cyanophrys

Oaxaca hummingbirds can only be found in the isolated mountain range of Sierra Miahuatlán. Vast cloud forests in the Sierra are being compromised to make room for plantations. The onslaught of Hurricane Paulina in 1997 also destroyed large areas of their habitats. 

Guadalupe Junco

Scientific name: Junco insularis

Endemic to Guadalupe Island in Mexico, this bird species used to abound in the area. Unfortunately, it is now scarcely distributed in the northern part of the island. Intense goat grazing and a lack of regeneration have led to its decline. Feral cats that prey on them also contribute to their decreasing numbers. 

Its criteria D endangered classification indicates the Guadalupe junco’s extremely small numbers and vulnerability to environmental shifts. Thankfully, the species is increasing in population thanks to habitat management. 

Townsend’s Storm-Petrel

Scientific name: Hydrobates leucorhous

Newly split into H. leucorhous, H. socorroensis and H. cheimomnestes species, the Townsend’s storm-petrel exists on the island of Guadalupe and nearby islets, namely Islote Negro and Islote Asfuera. They still breed in these places, but predators hunt them and destroy their nests. Their predatory threats include cats, mice, and goats. 

Even if invasive predators are controlled, the bird still faces extinction due to its small and restricted breeding range.  

Lilac-Crowned Amazon

Scientific name: Amazona finschi

Originally from Mexico’s Pacific Coast, this species has declined 29% over the past 20 years. After disappearing from 70% of its estimated range, it is rapidly declining in number. 

Around 5,000 mature individuals are captured illegally in Mexico each year for domestic and international trade. The Pacific Coast’s semi-deciduous forests where they nest and breed are rapidly being converted to cultivated lands and developments like dams. Frequent and intense hurricanes have also contributed to the destruction of their habitat.  

Tuxtla Quail Dove

Scientific name: Zentrygon carrikeri 

Based on assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size, the Tuxtla Quail Dove, which is endemic to Sierra de los Tuxtlas in Southeast Veracruz, Mexico, is now estimated to have a population of 350 to 1,500.

Existing in cloud forests, tropical rainforests, secondary forests, and restored forests, they typically court, breed, and nest in highlands rather than lowlands. Threats to their rapid decline include habitat loss due to timber, cultivation, and pasture. 

Ashy Storm-Petrel   

Scientific name: Hydrobates homochroa

This bird mates in the California Current System from Mendocino County to the Los Coronados Islands off northern Baja California, Mexico.

There are only 5,200 to 10,000 of them, with 3,500 to 6,700 mature individuals. Threats to their population include hyperpredation from native species and invasive species. Chemical pollution, oil incidents, rising sea levels, and more frequent storm surges caused by climate change also put them at risk.

Socorro Towhee 

Scientific name: Pipilo socorroensis

Native to the island of Socorro, Mexico, this bird species has been listed as endangered because of its very small population, limited range, and the destruction of its habitat due to invasive animals like sheep.

Socorro towhees are 2,500 to 9,999 in number. Feral sheep and cats have been responsible for their sparse distribution across the island. 

Thick-Billed Parrot

Scientific name: Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha

Most thick-billed parrots can be found in Mexico’s Sierra Madre Occidental. This species faces danger from habitat loss, illegal trapping due to the pet trade, commercial logging, fire, cattle grazing, and climate change. 

Breeding areas have become limited to Cebadillas de Yahuirachi and Madera as their habitats are degraded.

Yellow-Naped Amazon

Scientific name: Amazon auropalliata

Colorful and intelligent, this wild bird has gone from endangered to critically endangered in Central America. Poaching activities are loosely prosecuted in the area. This has allowed the illegal parrot pet trade to reduce its numbers. The yellow-naped Amazon must survive and remain in the wild because of its crucial role as a seed distributor in the plant ecosystem.

Help Save Endangered Birds in America

Paso Pacifico has conservation programs that restore and conserve Mesoamerica’s Pacific Slope ecosystems. This area is where birds forage, court, breed, and nest, making its preservation critical. Join us in promoting environmental citizenship through volunteerism, donations, and partnerships. Let’s work together to save the endangered birds in South America and beyond, including the wildlife corridors they thrive in.